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'“自带雨衣”的电磁屏蔽材料'

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'对于很多人来说，“辐射”是一个敏感的词，往往会谈“辐射”色变。是的，我们每时每刻都生活在电磁辐射的环境中，暴露在不同来源的电磁场下，比如手机、电脑、吹风机、微波炉、电热毯、电疗设备和雷达等。不过大家不'

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'2019-08-05 09:21:23'

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'<p>对于很多人来说，“辐射”是一个敏感的词，往往会谈“辐射”色变。是的，我们每时每刻都生活在电磁辐射的环境中，暴露在不同来源的电磁场下，比如手机、电脑、吹风机、微波炉、电热毯、电疗设备和雷达等。不过大家不必太担心，大部分电磁辐射对人体都不会产生危害。</p>

<p>比如大家所顾虑的电磁辐射对白内障的影响，世界卫生组织显示：在接触高强度射频和微波辐射的工人中，偶尔会有普通的眼部刺激和白内障的报告，但是动物的实验结果并不支持在没有达到加热危险的电磁场强度下会产生这样形式的眼部伤害，更没有证据显示这样的效应会在大众接触到的电磁场强度下发生。而我们平时接触到的电磁场强度比工人职业的强度低很多。</p>

<p><img alt="" src="https://img.ruilang.cn/psmplasma.com/uploadfile/201908/b32cd3064902665.png" style="width: 278px; height: 208px;" /><br data-filtered="filtered" />
图1 随处可见的电磁波</p>

<p>虽然低强度电磁辐射对我们日常并不产生危害，但是，现在人类已经进入了电子信息化时代，各种高集成和高功率无线通信系统和电子器件数量急剧增加，导致电磁干扰和电磁污染问题日益突出，不仅在通信领域中对信号的产生、传播和接收造成了极大的影响，而且给人类社会的生产与生活来了不容忽视的危害。</p>

<p>联合国人类环境会议早在1969年就将电磁污染列为继大气污染、水污染、噪声污染之后的全球“第四大环境污染”。</p>

<p>因此，抑制电磁污染的材料&mdash;&mdash;电磁屏蔽材料也就应运而生。电磁屏蔽材料是一类能够通过吸收和反射等方式来衰减电磁波能量传播以有效抑制电磁干扰和污染的功能材料。</p>

<p><img alt="" src="https://img.ruilang.cn/psmplasma.com/uploadfile/201908/4db1fb001d93b9c.png" style="width: 278px; height: 208px;" /><br data-filtered="filtered" />
图2 电磁屏蔽的原理</p>

<p>对于户外全天候电子设备如信号站、户外电磁装置等，如遇污水污染或酸雨腐蚀，其电磁屏蔽效能都会减小。因此对于户外设施来说，电磁屏蔽材料除了需满足“高效、轻质、低反射”的要求外，对其它性能如防腐、自清洁性能也提出了新的期望。</p>

<p>所谓的自清洁效果，就是赋予材料超疏水性。而在自然界中，有很多植物和动物都具有超疏水现象。比如荷花，通常生长在沼泽和浅水区域，但却具有“出淤泥而不染”的特性。除此之外，还有蝴蝶的翅膀、玫瑰的花瓣和蚊子等等，都具有防水、防污、防粘以及自清洁功能。</p>

<p><img alt="" src="https://img.ruilang.cn/psmplasma.com/uploadfile/201908/6fa327a42b8ab25.png" style="width: 278px; height: 208px;" /><br data-filtered="filtered" />
图3 超疏水的荷叶</p>

<p>以电磁屏蔽材料为基础构建超疏水表面，不仅能有效防止空气中酸性介质渗入，提高抗腐蚀能力，还可以赋予其自清洁功能。因此，系统、科学地对电磁屏蔽材料进行结构设计，开展具有超疏水表面新型多功能电磁屏蔽材料的研究，对相关电子设备的安全长效使用具有重要的现实意义。</p>

<p><img alt="" src="https://img.ruilang.cn/psmplasma.com/uploadfile/201908/9809690115f1.gif" style="width: 278px; height: 208px;" /><br data-filtered="filtered" />
图4 不沾不湿，水滴一抖即落的电磁屏蔽材料（图中黑色是超疏水的电磁屏蔽材料，黑色上面的物质是灰尘，用水一冲立即干净）</p>

<p>最近，中科院宁波材料所研究人员在超疏水电磁屏蔽材料领域取得了进展。</p>

<p>在工艺上，科研人员采用模板法和水蒸气诱导相分离法，构建了具有优异电磁屏蔽效能的超疏水表面多孔聚合物复合材料，同时该聚合物复合材料在长时间的紫外照射下任具有很好的性能稳定性，实现了户外全天候电子设备的实际需求。</p>

<p>也就是说，此电磁屏蔽材料不仅经得起“日晒”，还经得起“雨打”，当遇到酸雨或者污水时，会给自己穿一件“雨衣”，不仅保护自己不受腐蚀，也实现了水滴一抖即落，同时具有荷叶的自清洁效果。这让经常经受雨打风吹的户外全天候电子设备能够像荷叶一样出淤泥而不染。</p>

<p><br data-filtered="filtered" />
<em>转自中科院之声</em></p>
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  'company' => '公司名称',
  'contact' => '联系人',
  'telephone' => '联系电话',
  'mobile' => '手机',
  'email' => '邮箱',
  'erweima' => '二维码',
  'postcode' => '邮编',
  'address' => '联系地址',
  'T1' => '产品',
  'T2' => '应用',
  'T3' => '关于',
  'T4' => '新闻',
  'T5' => '伙伴',
  'T7' => '内页默认导航',
  'nText' => '内页右侧富文本',
  'M2' => '手机导航1',
  'M3' => '手机导航2',
  'ditubiaozhu' => '地图标注',
  'tianditukey' => '天地图key',
)